Raspodjela levofloksacina i njegovo izlučivanje mokraćom u febrilne križane teladi.

Disposition and urinary excretion of levofloxacin following a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg body mass were investigated in six febrile crossbred calves. The drug levels in plasma and urine were estimated by microbiological assay. Levofloxacin was rapidly distributed from the blood to the tissue compartment, as evidenced by the high values of the distribution coefficient (9.93 ± 0.73 h -1). The high AUC (11.5 ± 0.95 µg/mL/h) indicated good antibacterial activity of levofloxacin in calves. The elimination half-life, volume of distribution and total body clearance were 2.22 ± 0.07 h, 1.18 ± 0.15 L/kg and 0.36 ± 0.03 L/kg/h, respectively. About 37.7 per cent of the administered dose of levofloxacin was eliminated in urine within 24 h. An appropriate intravenous dosage regimen for levofloxacin would be 5.0 mg/kg, repeated at 12 h intervals for the treatment of bacterial infections, manifested with fever in calves.Istražena je raspodjela levofloksacina i njegovo izlučivanje mokraćom nakon jednokratne intravenske primjene u dozi od 4 mg/kg tjelesne mase u šestero febrilne križane teladi. Razine lijeka u plazmi i mokraći bile su procijenjene na osnovi mikrobiološkog postupka. Levofloksacin se brzo proširio iz krvi u tkiva što je vidljivo po visokim vrijednostima koeficijenta raspodjele (9,93 ± 0,73 h). Visoki AUC (površina ispod krivulje) (11,5 ± 0,95 µg/mL/sat) upućuje na dobro antibakterijsko djelovanje levofloksacina u teladi. Poluvrijeme eliminacije iznosilo je 2,22 ± 0,07 sati, volumen raspodjele 1,18 ± 0,15 L/kg, a ukupni klirens 0,36 ± 0,03 L/kg/sat. Oko 37,7% primijenjene doze levofloksacina bilo je tijekom 24 sata izlučeno putem mokraće. Kod bakterijskih zaraza što se očituju vrućicom levofloksacin treba primijeniti u dozi od 5,0 mg/kg u razmaku od 12 sati

Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome in patients on alpha 1 blocker tamsulosin: incidence and predictability

Background: Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) was first described by Chang and Campbell in year 2005 in male patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery who were on Tamsulosin, an alpha 1 blocker drug for their urinary symptoms for enlarged prostate. This condition was characterized by excessive floppiness of iris, prolapse of iris tissue through phaco and sideport incisions and progressive intraoperative miosis, resulting in increased surgical time and various major surgical complications compromising visual outcome.Methods: This study of 78 patients was undertaken to know the incidence and severity of IFIS as well as to predict its occurrence by observing maximum pupil dilation achieved preoperatively.Results: It was observed that majority of patients on tamsulosin dilated poorly and severe IFIS occurred in those with pupil dilation of 5 mm or less after putting mydriatic eye drops preoperatively.Conclusions: It was concluded that if IFIS was predicted and necessary precautions taken, postoperative complications can be reduced significantly with improved visual outcome

Effects of mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculants on rice crops in Northern India

Mutualistic root microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can ameliorate plant nutrition through an extended extra-radical hyphal network and by nutrient mobilisation. Running under the Indo-Swiss Collaboration in Biotechnology (ISCB), our project focuses on the integration of AMF and PGPR as biofertilisers in wheat-rice and wheat-black gram systems

Turning of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites: Process Modeling and Optimization using Taguchi Analysis and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites have been widely used in aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and biomedical industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, durability, and excellent thermo-mechanical properties in non-oxidative atmospheres. Machining of CFRP composites has always been a challenge for manufacturers. In this research, a comparative study was performed between the optimal machining parameters of coated and uncoated carbide inserts obtained from the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm during turning of CFRP composites. It was found that coated carbide inserts provide lower tool wear and surface roughness, but higher cutting forces compared to those of uncoated carbide inserts during turning of CFRP composites. Taguchi Analysis was performed to investigate the effects of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on the output characteristics including cutting force, surface roughness and tool wear. The feed rate was found as the most significant machining parameter in turning of CFRP composites to minimize cutting force and surface roughness using both coated and uncoated carbide inserts. However, feed rate and cutting speed has been found as the most significant machining parameters for coated and uncoated carbide inserts respectively to minimize the tool wear. Regression Analysis has been performed to develop mathematical models for cutting force, surface roughness and tool wear as a function of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Higher R2 values and well fitted regression lines of normal probability plots in regression analysis indicate that the coefficients of mathematical models are statistically significant. The significance of this study is to emphasize the differences of performances between coated and uncoated carbide inserts during turning of CFRP composites in terms of cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness with the combination of different machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and tool wear) using data analysis tools such as Taguchi Analysis, Regression Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization

A solution blending route to ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites

Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)/MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites have been synthesized by solution intercalation using organically modified LDH (DS-LDH). The molecular level dispersion of LDH nanolayers has been verified by the disappearance of basal XRD peak of DS-LDH in the composites. The internal structures, of the nanocomposite with the dispersion nature of LDH particles in EPDM matrix have been studied by TEM and AFM. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows thermal stability of nanocomposites improved by ≈40 °C when 10% weight loss was selected as point of comparison. The degradation for pure EPDM is faster above 380 °C while in case of its nanocomposites, it is much slower

Application of optimized laser surface re-melting process on selective laser melted 316L stainless steel inclined parts

Lower surface quality of selective laser melting (SLM) manufactured parts remains to be a key shortcoming particularly for high performance functional components. In this paper, the authors utilized Box–Behnken methodology to explore the effect of laser surface re-melting process parameters. The process parameters are:laser power, laser exposure time, laser point distance, and shell layer thickness. The experiments were conducted using Renishaw AM-250 machine. SLM manufactured parts with inclination of 45˚ up-skin were treated with a given surface roughness using laser surface re-melting (LSR). The optimization of process parameters was conducted using response surface methodology and the validation tests was carried out utilizing the determined input parameters. The results verified the effectiveness of the integrated approach and the proposed statistical model. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that selective laser melting process followed by the laser surface re-melting process is very likely to become a fast and economic integrated method for improving the inclined surface quality of SLM manufactured parts

THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AS A WOUNDS HEALER

Many requirements of human beings are fulfilled by the plants. They also prevent and cure various diseases of human beings including wounds and ulcers. Plants and their extracts have immense potential for the management and treatment of wounds. The management of wound has been a major problem since the early stages of medical science. In spite of brilliant progress of in surgery, wound management still remains a subject of speculation. The early manifestation of unsatisfactory wound healing gives rise to serious complications which can lead to prolonged healing and even death in surgical practice. These natural medicines for wound healing are cheap, affordable and purportedly safe as hyper sensitive reactions are rarely encountered with the use of these agents. These natural agents induce healing and regeneration of the lost tissue by multiple mechanisms. However, there is a need for scientific validation, standardization and safety evaluation of plants of the traditional medicine recommended for healing of the wounds

Isolation and characterization of Fusarium oxysporum, a wilt causing fungus, for its pathogenic and non-pathogenic nature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Collection of soil and plant samples from nine different geographical locations in Uttar Pradesh state of India was made. Composite soil was analyzed for its nutrient status. A total of sixty isolates of Fusarium species were recovered from the soil and plant samples. Among these, thirty nine isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of their morphological and molecular identification. The pathogenicity test was conducted on tomato variety Pant T-3, disease incidence ranged from zero to 78.74%. Among F. oxysporum isolates, five were non pathogenic and three were found strongly pathogenic.Non-pathogenic isolates were tested for their antagonistic effect against most pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum. The results showed that the Isolate no. 40 showed the highest antagonistic activity in inhibiting radial growth of pathogenic isolates

Modeling and optimization of process parameters in face milling of Ti6Al4V alloy using Taguchi and grey relational analysis

Titanium alloys are extensively used in aerospace, missiles, rockets, naval ships, automotive, medical devices, and even the consumer electronics industry where a high strength to density ratio, lightweight, high corrosion resistance, and resistance to high temperatures are important. The machining of these alloys has always been challenging for manufacturers. This article investigates the combined effect of radial depth, cutting speed and feed rate on cutting forces, tool life, and surface roughness during face milling of Ti6Al4V alloy. This study focuses on the significance of radial depth of cut on cutting force, tool life and surface roughness compared to that of cutting speed and feed rate during face milling of Ti6Al4V alloy. In this paper, mono and multi-objective optimization of the response characteristics have been conducted to find out the optimal input parameters, namely, cutting speed, feed rate, and radial depth of cut. Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis have been used for mono-objective optimization, while Taguchi-based grey relational analysis has been used for multi-objective optimization. The regression analysis has been performed for developing mathematical models to predict the surface roughness, tool life, and cutting forces. According to ANOVA analysis, the most significant parameters for tool life and cutting force (FY) are cutting speed, and radial depth of cut, respectively, while feed rate is observed to be the most significant parameter for surface roughness and force (FX). The optimal combination of input parameters for tool life and FY are 50m/min cutting speed, 0.02mm/rev feed rate, and 7.5mm radial depth of cut. However, the optimal parameters for surface roughness are 65m/min cutting speed, 0.02mm/rev feed rate, and 7.5mm radial depth of cut. For FX, the optimal condition is observed as cutting speed 57.5m/min, 0.02mm/rev feed rate, and 7.5mm radial depth of cut. A validation experiment, conducted at the optimal parameters of surface roughness, shows an improvement of 31.29% compared to the surface roughness at initial condition. Taguchi-based grey relational analysis for multi-objective optimization shows an improvement of 55.81%, 6.12%, and 23.98% in tool life, surface roughness, and FY, respectively. ANOVA analysis based on grey relational grade shows that the radial depth of cut is the most significant parameter for multi-objective optimization during the face milling of Ti6Al4V